Retrievable vena cava filters: Key considerations

Retrievable filters are a new generation of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters and represent an attractive option because they may be either left in place permanently or safety retrieved after a quite long period when they become unnecessary. In this review the currently available literature regarding retrievable IVC filters is summarized and their efficacy and safety is discussed. Moreover, the appropriate indications for their use are reviewed. Retrievable filters are becoming safer and easier to use; in fact the bioengineering research has optimized the technical characteristics of these devices, in order to reduce the incidence of possible complications. However, there are important unresolved issues, including the appropriate maximum implantation time, the possibility to safety and efficaciously remove the filters without being compromised by entrapped clots, and the use of anticoagulation during the implantation and periremoval periods. Large prospective cohort studies or randomized trials are strongly warranted to definitely clarify the beneficial rote of these devices. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.