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Systematic Detection of Alternative Open Reading Frames (altORFs) in Cancer Driver Genes

The discovery of translated alternative open reading frames (altORFs) in protein-coding regions has expanded the coding potential of viral, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. Experimental and computational approaches indicate that overlapping coding regions occur in mammals. In this study, I used a prediction method based on five criteria to detect novel altORFs in the human genes taken from the COSMIC Cancer Gene Census Database. Apart from the well characterized examples of human cancer-spec...

IUS and LEX. Constancy as Legal Principle in Roman Law

The Author investigates the function of ‘steadfastness’, corresponding to the Latin word constantia, in the Roman legal system, analysing its semantic and normative evolution from its republican origins to the late antique constitutions. Through an examination of literary and jurisprudential sources, this article highlights how constantia, as an ethical-political virtue of the mos maiorum, gradually transformed into a normative criterion in the interpretatio prudentium, influencing contractua...

Covariation of Amino Acid Substitutions in the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein gp120 and the Antisense Protein ASP Associated with Coreceptor Usage

: The tropism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is determined by the use of either or both chemokine coreceptors CCR5 (R5) and CXCR4 (X4) for entry into the target cell. The ability of HIV-1 to bind R5 or X4 is determined primarily by the third variable loop (V3) of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. HIV-1 strains of pandemic group M contain an antisense gene termed asp, which overlaps env outside the region encoding the V3 loop. We previously showed that the ASP protein ...

Tailoring solid foam structures for high-efficiency photocatalytic filtration of air and water

ABSTRACT Solid foams are increasingly recognized for their potential in advanced functional applications, particularly in photocatalytic air and water purification systems. Enhancing their efficiency however requires foams that simultaneously exhibit high permeability and robust mechanical properties—both dictated by the foam’s microstructural morphology, notably the connectivity and distribution of open pores. In direct foaming methods, these characteristics are imparted via a two-s...

The curious case of the green-colored body: A multidisciplinary investigation of a mummy preserved in a copper-rich environment

A human skeleton exhibiting extensive green coloration and partial mummification was discovered inside a copper-alloy cist beneath an ancient villa in Bologna (Italy). The preservation of bone and soft tissue, together with the green staining, prompted to infer the diagenetic processes that occurred in this unique case during the post-mortem period, analyzing the chemical and structural alterations of the tissues in a copper-rich burial environment. A multidisciplinary analytical approach was...

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