A dynamic operative framework for allocation in automated storage and retrieval systems

Two very important aspects in automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) are productivity (or performance) and maintenance costs. In the literature, as in industry, it is very difficult to find a solution that guarantees satisfactory results in terms of both. Moreover, all the solutions that the scientific community has proposed are static, i.e., the system’s behavior does not change as boundary conditions change. In this paper, we propose an innovative solution known as a dynamic operative framework (DOF), which allows the system to react to changes in operating conditions and guarantees good results in terms of productivity, with a consistent reduction in the distance that handling machines travel and a consequent reduction in maintenance and energy consumption costs. To test the proposed solution, we focused on the shuttle-lift crane AS/RS, a common configuration used to store bundles of long metal bars, and we compared the DOF with four benchmark policies that exploit a class-based reorganization of the stock performed during non-working shifts. Many simulation runs’ results indicated that the DOF ensures a throughput time aligned to that of the benchmarks, but without needing to reorganize the stock during nonworking shifts. In this way, it leads to consistent savings in terms of energy consumption and maintenance costs.