Industry 4.0 and 5.0 core pillars and how they are redefining research paradigms of Logistics 4.0 and 5.0

Significant advancements, driven by the introduction of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 paradigms, have been observed in logistics during the last years. Therefore, this study provides a tertiary analysis of Logistics 4.0 and Logistics 5.0 via a systematic review of selected review articles retrieved from the Scopus database. Logistics 4.0 primarily emphasizes the adoption of enabling technologies, such as the Internet of Things, to enhance operational efficiency and automation. Furthermore, attention is directed toward environmental sustainability and the integration of human-technology collaboration. Logistics 5.0 extends this framework by prioritizing human-centricity, system resilience, and an integrated approach to sustainability that incorporates social well-being. The findings reveal a growing interest in human and sustainability-related themes. However, the practical adoption of Logistics 5.0 remains limited. Moreover, this study proposes a conceptual framework for categorizing existing research and guiding future investigations, highlighting the importance of exploring human-centricity and resilience within logistics systems.