Contribution of narrative therapy in reduction of anxiety, depression and PTSD among survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi in 1994 in Rwanda

The 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda caused profound psychological trauma among survivors, with long-lasting effects such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Narrative therapy, known for its ability to help individuals reconstruct their personal stories, is emerging as a promising intervention, though its effectiveness within Rwandan context has not been fully explored. This study therefore, aimed to assess the impact of narrative therapy on reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in genocide survivors. It focused on how narrative therapy helps survivors reconstruct their narratives, enhance resilience, and foster emotional well-being. Eleven qualitative interviews were conducted with survivors of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda who participated in narrative therapy. Through purposive sampling, participants were selected for in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns. Thematic analysis revealed several key themes: survivors reported positive transformation in their narratives, which helped them reframe traumatic experiences and develop resilience. Participants strongly testified reduction in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD after engaging in narrative therapy. The communal aspects of therapy, such as group support, were also instrumental in fostering emotional recovery and a renewed sense of belonging. Narrative therapy appears to provide an effective framework for addressing psychological distress in genocide survivors by offering a structured process for narrative reconstruction and community healing. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore long-term outcomes. Culturally relevant mental health interventions, supported by sustainable funding, are essential to improving survivors’ well-being and fostering resilience.