Optimal Wavelength and Bandwidth Evaluation for Satellite-to-Underwater Optical Communications

Communication between satellites and underwater devices poses significant challenges due to the heterogeneous characteristics of the channel, traversing free space, atmosphere, and underwater. In this paper, we develop a complete channel model for a direct satellite-to-underwater communication link operating in the visible spectrum. We show that the optimal wavelength mostly depends on the water characteristics and demonstrate that several channels could be allocated using the wavelength division multiplexing technique to increase performance.