Unveiling the Potential of Stochastic Budgeting: A Comparative Study of Japanese and European Approaches.

The work aims to develop the potential contained in the equations of Carlo Masini regarding the complementary themes of planning, programming, perspectives, and business control, both executive and financial, from a strategic point of view. Using a suitable set of symbols, it is intended to further develop the investigation of ex-ante determinations and, in particular, budgetary determinations through business simulation algorithms and advanced computational engines. The emphasis is on estimated quantities, conjectured quantities, and determined quantities, systematically linked with “economic quantities”. This system of values, integrated with non-monetary quantities and “qualities,” feeds into the company's general information system, which is intended to analyze it with particular reference to budgetary determinations of periodic income, balance sheet capital, and economic capital. We devote particular interest to periodic income. This study examines Yuji Ijiri's contribution along three dimensions: his analytical axiomatization of the accounting system, his momentum accounting, and its forecasting implications. Whereas Ijiri extends accounting along the temporal dimension while preserving hardness of measurement, the present study extends it along the probabilistic dimension, introducing stochastic variables A central point of the research is clarifying the periodic synthesis of estimated and conjectured quantities through random variables already incorporated into the equations of Italian Scholars, such as Carlo Masini, now in an improved stochastic symbology. This improved formulation makes operational application possible, using advanced business software, to resolve concrete business problems. The research should be considered as a development of a previous research title, “Synthesis, quantitative ex-post and ex-ante determinations and stochastic variables in Economia Aziendale."