Green Analytical Workflows: Recent Advances in Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysis of Food Contact Materials

Food contact materials (FCMs) represent major routes of exposure to chemicals since they 10 can migrate from packaging into food, thus raising health concerns. Due to its heterogeneous nature 11 and complexity, the monitoring of chemicals present or released by FCMs poses a significant ana-12 lytical challenge, requiring both target methods for the quantitative determination of both inten-13 tionally and non-intentionally added substances (IAS and NIAS) and untargeted approaches to fin-14 gerprint the material and identify previously unknown IAS and NIAS. In recent years, green ana-15 lytical chemistry has become fundamental for method development, promoting safer, faster and 16 more sustainable workflows with reduced solvent consumption, waste generation and environmen-17 tal impact. This review discusses recent advances in green analytical workflows for FCM character-18 ization, with emphasis on sample preparation and instrumental analysis, covering the state of the 19 art from 2020 to 2026.