Bystander apathy, the experience of third–year students of the bachelor’s degree course in nursing at the University of Parma

Background and aim: Clinical placements represent a challenge for nursing students, often accompanied by fears and insecurities that may shape their learning. Without effective coping strategies, bystander apathy may occur. This study aims to describe the perception of bystander apathy among in third–year nursing students. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Participants were third–year nursing students who had completed at least one emergency placement. Data were collected through focus groups and analysised through Braun and Clarke’s method. University of Parma “Research Ethics Board for Non – Medical Research Involving People” approved the study. Results: 16 students participated. 4 themes were identified: strong emotions, between responsibility and uncertainty, difficult relationships, and the clinical mentor as a professional role model. Conclusions: Bystander apathy was evident in students’ clinical experience. Reducing the theory – practice gap may help relieve anxiety and helplessness, lowering the risk of bystander apathy and supporting the transition to professional practice.