Toward precision imaging in interstitial lung disease: advances in quantitative imaging and artificial intelligence

Purpose of review: To discuss the most recent developments in quantitative imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Recent findings: Aided by technical developments in the field, AI applications in chest imaging are increasingly being investigated, with recent algorithms showing improved performance compared with earlier techniques. This review article discusses the various roles of AI in fibrotic ILD, including diagnosis, characterization, quantification, and prognostication. Summary: Increasing evidence supports the utility of quantitative CT and AI algorithms in improving visual assessment, increasing sensitivity and inter-observer agreement, as well as providing prognostic stratification in patients with a broad range of ILD. Nevertheless, the routine clinical application of these tools remains limited.