Evolution of the disassembly map towards a standardized and softwarereadable format for virtual product disassembly

This paper presents the evolution of the concept of the disassembly map into a standardized, software-readable Digital Disassembly Map (DDM) designed to support virtual product disassembly. The proposed DDM is an XML-based format derived directly from a 3D CAD model, delivering an optimized disassembly sequence for defined target components in product assemblies that minimizes time and cost while ensuring consistency and repeatability. It offers structured, step-by-step guidance to efficiently access target components, facilitating repair, remanufacturing, and recycling operations. The DDM is developed in accordance with the CEN-CENELEC 4555X series standards for product repair and disassembly, and it ensures interoperability with existing engineering and enterprise systems (e.g., PLM, ERP, and production planning tools). This paper describes the methodological framework for generating the DDM from CAD data, as well as the design of its XML schema and library structure. By enabling standardized, software-readable disassembly information, the DDM advances the state of the art in virtual disassembly analysis, represents a step forward in integrating manufacturing and de-manufacturing, enables seamless data integration across the product lifecycle, and supports Industry 5.0 objectives and technologies