GIS-based Analysis for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Strengthened Masonry Churches: The Case of Parma (Italy)

Hazard mitigation and risk assessment for built heritage are central to contemporary conservation strategies, particularly in seismic-prone areas like Italy. This study presents preliminary findings of a research project focusing on the seismic vulnerability of historical masonry churches in the Province of Parma, a region with moderate seismic risk and a rich architectural heritage. Churches are among the most seismically vulnerable structures due to their complex construction, undocumented modifications, and sometimes ineffective past interventions. The research integrates GIS-based territorial analysis with archival investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic strengthening measures implemented after the 1983 earthquake, especially in light of subsequent seismic events. A comprehensive database has been developed, cataloguing construction typologies, damage reports, and intervention strategies. Statistical and comparative analysis at both territorial and building scales helps assess the relationship between masonry characteristics, reinforcement techniques and seismic performance. Findings underscore the crucial role of past interventions in influencing current structural behaviour – sometimes positively, but also with unintended consequences. The study highlights the value of a multidisciplinary, data-driven approach combining digital tools and historical knowledge to support risk-informed conservation strategies. Ultimately, it aims to inform prioritization and planning frameworks that enhance the resilience of cultural heritage against future seismic events.