Development of a Fuzzy Logic-Based Tool for Evaluating KPIs in a Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Green (LARG) Supply Chain

Featured Application: The fuzzy logic-based tool proposed in this paper can support supply chain managers in evaluating the implementation level of Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Green practices across different operational areas. Thanks to its software-based design, the tool is easily applicable in real-world industrial contexts to identify targeted improvement opportunities. This study proposes a fuzzy logic-based approach to better manage supply chain uncertainty and improve decision-making flexibility. The developed framework categorizes supply chain activities into procurement, production, distribution and reverse logistics and integrates Lean, Agile, Resilient, and Green (LARG) KPIs within a hierarchical structure. The tool was implemented using Microsoft ExcelTM to enhance usability for practitioners. To test its applicability, the model was applied to a real case study. The results show that lean and resilient practices are consistently well-established across all supply chain phases, while agility and green practices vary significantly depending on the operational area—particularly between internal function (i.e., production and reverse logistics) and external ones (i.e., procurement and distribution). These findings help to better understand how the LARG capabilities are distributed across the different operational areas of the supply chain and offer practical guidance for managers seeking targeted performance improvement. Although the numerical results are context-specific, the framework’s adaptability makes it suitable for diverse supply chain environments.