Bacteria possess (bacterio)phage defence systems to ensure their survival. The thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in dairy fermentations, harbours multiple CRISPR-Cas and restriction and modification (R/M) systems to protect itself against phage attack, with limited reports on other types of phage-resistance. Here, we describe the systematic identification and functional analysis of the phage resistome of S. thermophilus using a collection of 27 strains as representatives of the species. In addition to CRISPR-Cas and R/M systems, we uncover nine distinct phage-resistance systems including homologues of Kiwa, Gabija, Dodola, defence-associated sirtuins and classical lactococcal/streptococcal abortive infection systems. The genes encoding several of these newly identified S. thermophilus antiphage systems are located in proximity to the genetic determinants of CRISPR-Cas systems thus constituting apparent Phage Defence Islands. Other phage-resistance systems whose encoding genes are not co-located with genes specifying CRISPR-Cas systems may represent anchors to identify additional Defence Islands harbouring, as yet, uncharacterised phage defence systems. We estimate that up to 2.5% of the genetic material of the analysed strains is dedicated to phage defence, highlighting that phage-host antagonism plays an important role in driving the evolution and shaping the composition of dairy streptococcal genomes.Graphical Abstract
Phage defence loci of Streptococcus thermophilus-tip of the anti-phage iceberg? / Kelleher, P; Charneco, Go; Kampff, Z; Diaz-Garrido, N; Bottacini, F; Mcdonnell, B; Lugli, Ga; Ventura, M; Fomenkov, A; Quéneé, P; Kulakauskas, S; De Waal, P; Van Peij, Nnme; Cambillau, C; Roberts, Rj; Van Sinderen, D; Mahony, J. - In: NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH. - ISSN 0305-1048. - 52:19(2024), pp. 11853-11869. [10.1093/nar/gkae814]
Phage defence loci of Streptococcus thermophilus-tip of the anti-phage iceberg?
Lugli, GA;Ventura, M;van Sinderen, D;
2024-01-01
Abstract
Bacteria possess (bacterio)phage defence systems to ensure their survival. The thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in dairy fermentations, harbours multiple CRISPR-Cas and restriction and modification (R/M) systems to protect itself against phage attack, with limited reports on other types of phage-resistance. Here, we describe the systematic identification and functional analysis of the phage resistome of S. thermophilus using a collection of 27 strains as representatives of the species. In addition to CRISPR-Cas and R/M systems, we uncover nine distinct phage-resistance systems including homologues of Kiwa, Gabija, Dodola, defence-associated sirtuins and classical lactococcal/streptococcal abortive infection systems. The genes encoding several of these newly identified S. thermophilus antiphage systems are located in proximity to the genetic determinants of CRISPR-Cas systems thus constituting apparent Phage Defence Islands. Other phage-resistance systems whose encoding genes are not co-located with genes specifying CRISPR-Cas systems may represent anchors to identify additional Defence Islands harbouring, as yet, uncharacterised phage defence systems. We estimate that up to 2.5% of the genetic material of the analysed strains is dedicated to phage defence, highlighting that phage-host antagonism plays an important role in driving the evolution and shaping the composition of dairy streptococcal genomes.Graphical AbstractI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
