Gonadotropins, local factors and a variety of adipokines contribute to regulate swine granulosa cell function

This paper reviews the role of endocrine regulators in swine ovarian cell functions, highlighting the intricate hormonal interactions that drive reproductive and metabolic processes. The pig represents a valuable model for human biology due to physiological and anatomical similarities. Understanding the endocrine mechanisms in swine can provide insights about human reproductive health and metabolic disorders. The present review de scribes some key hormones involved, including gonadotropins, sex steroids, and adipokines, and their impacts on ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. Emphasis is placed on the crosstalk between the ovary and adipose tissue, which is critical for maintaining reproductive and metabolic homeostasis