Biomimicry Reefs: Algorithmic Optimisation and Powder Bed System 3D Printing Technology for Marine Biodiversity Preservation

Climate change and anthropogenic activities pose significant threats to marine biodiversity. This study investigates the potential of artificial reefs designed using biomimicry and algorithmic computation to enhance marine habitats. Employing powder-bed 3D printing, the research focuses on creating complex, sustainable structures tailored to the needs of specific marine species. The artificial reef design mimics natural trabecular bone structures through a Voronoi algorithmic model, optimized for material efficiency and ecological compatibility. The produced reef, featuring a porous surface and multiple cavities, aims to support algae growth and provide shelter for small fish species. The case study is based on the properties of the Adriatic Sea. The study proposes novel index, the 3D Printed Reef Bio-Activity Index (3dR-BAI) to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial reefs. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the importance of innovative design and production techniques in marine conservation efforts.