Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort

Casco, N.; Jorge, A. L.; Palmero, D. J.; Alffenaar, J. -W.; Fox, G. J.; Ezz, W.; Cho, J. -G.; Denholm, J.; Skrahina, A.; Solodovnikova, V.; Arbex, M. A.; Alves, T.; Rabahi, M. F.; Pereira, G. R.; Sales, R.; Silva, D. R.; Saffie, M. M.; Salinas, N. E.; Miranda, R. C.; Cisterna, C.; Concha, C.; Fernandez, I.; Villalon, C.; Vera, C. G.; Tapia, P. G.; Cancino, V.; Carbonell, M.; Cruz, A.; Munoz, E.; Munoz, C.; Navarro, I.; Pizarro, R.; Sanchez, G. P. C.; Riquelme, M. S. V.; Vilca, E.; Soto, A.; Flores, X.; Garavagno, A.; Bahamondes, M. H.; Merino, L. M.; Pradenas, A. M.; Revillot, M. E.; Rodriguez, P.; Salinas, A. S.; Taiba, C.; Valdes, J. F.; Subiabre, J. N.; Ortega, C.; Palma, S.; Castillo, P. P.; Pinto, M.; Bidegain, F. R.; Venegas, M.; Yucra, E.; Li, Y.; Cruz, A.; Guelvez, B.; Plaza, R. V.; Hoyos, K. Y. T.; Cardoso-Landivar, J.; Van Den Boom, M.; Andrejak, C.; Blanc, F. -X.; Dourmane, S.; Froissart, A.; Izadifar, A.; Riviere, F.; Schlemmer, F.; Manika, K.; Diallo, B. D.; Hassane-Harouna, S.; Artiles, N.; Mejia, L. A.; Gupta, N.; Ish, P.; Mishra, G.; Patel, J. M.; Udwadia, Z. F.; Singla, R.; Alladio, F.; Calcagno, A.; Gaviraghi, A.; Angeli, F.; Centis, R.; Codecasa, L. R.; De Lauretis, A.; Esposito, S. M. R.; Formenti, B.; Giacomet, V.; Goletti, D.; Gualano, G.; Matteelli, A.; Migliori, G. B.; Motta, I.; Palmieri, F.; Pontali, E.; Prestileo, T.; Riccardi, N.; Saderi, L.; Saporiti, M.; Sotgiu, G.; Spanevello, A.; Stochino, C.; Tadolini, M.; Torre, A.; Villa, S.; Visca, D.; Kurhasani, X.; Furjani, M.; Rasheed, N.; Danila, E.; Diktanas, S.; Lopez Ridaura, R.; Lopez, F. L. L.; Torrico, M. M.; Rendon, A.; Akkerman, O. W.; Chizaram, O.; Al-Abri, S.; Alyaquobi, F.; Althohli, K.; Aguirre, S.; Teixeira, R. C.; De Egea, V.; Irala, S.; Medina, A.; Sequera, G.; Sosa, N.; Vazquez, F.; Llanos-Tejada, F. K.; Manga, S.; Villanueva-Villegas, R.; Araujo, D.; Duarte, R.; Marques, T. S.; Grecu, V. I.; Socaci, A.; Barkanova, O.; Bogorodskaya, M.; Borisov, S.; Mariandyshev, A.; Kaluzhenina, A.; Vukicevic, T. A.; Stosic, M.; Beh, D.; Ng, D.; Ong, C. W. M.; Solovic, I.; Dheda, K.; Gina, P.; Caminero, J. A.; De Souza Galvao, M. L.; Dominguez-Castellano, A.; Garcia-Garcia, J. -M.; Pinargote, I. M.; Fernandez, S. Q.; Sanchez-Montalva, A.; Huguet, E. T.; Murguiondo, M. Z.; Bart, P. -A.; Mazza-Stalder, J.; D Ambrosio, L.; Kamolwat, P.; Bakko, F.; Barnacle, J.; Bird, S.; Brown, A.; Chandran, S.; Killington, K.; Man, K.; Papineni, P.; Ritchie, F.; Tiberi, S.; Utjesanovic, N.; Zenner, D.; Hearn, J. L.; Heysell, S.; Young, L.

doi:10.1183/13993003.00925-2023

Background Longitudinal cohort data of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. In our global study, we describe long-term outcomes of patients affected by TB and COVID-19. Methods We collected data from 174 centres in 31 countries on all patients affected by COVID-19 and TB between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. Patients were followed-up until cure, death or end of cohort time. All patients had TB and COVID-19; for analysis purposes, deaths were attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional risk-regression models, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival and mortality attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Results Overall, 788 patients with COVID-19 and TB (active or sequelae) were recruited from 31 countries, and 10.8% (n=85) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly lower among patients whose death was attributed to TB and COVID-19 versus those dying because of either TB or COVID-19 alone (p<0.001). Significant adjusted risk factors for TB mortality were higher age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.07), HIV infection (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02–5.16) and invasive ventilation (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.34–7.83). For COVID-19 mortality, the adjusted risks were higher age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04), male sex (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24–3.91), oxygen requirement (HR 7.93, 95% CI 3.44–18.26) and invasive ventilation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36–3.53). Conclusions In our global cohort, death was the outcome in >10% of patients with TB and COVID-19. A range of demographic and clinical predictors are associated with adverse outcomes.

Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort / Casco, N.; Jorge, A. L.; Palmero, D. J.; Alffenaar, J. -W.; Fox, G. J.; Ezz, W.; Cho, J. -G.; Denholm, J.; Skrahina, A.; Solodovnikova, V.; Arbex, M. A.; Alves, T.; Rabahi, M. F.; Pereira, G. R.; Sales, R.; Silva, D. R.; Saffie, M. M.; Salinas, N. E.; Miranda, R. C.; Cisterna, C.; Concha, C.; Fernandez, I.; Villalon, C.; Vera, C. G.; Tapia, P. G.; Cancino, V.; Carbonell, M.; Cruz, A.; Munoz, E.; Munoz, C.; Navarro, I.; Pizarro, R.; Sanchez, G. P. C.; Riquelme, M. S. V.; Vilca, E.; Soto, A.; Flores, X.; Garavagno, A.; Bahamondes, M. H.; Merino, L. M.; Pradenas, A. M.; Revillot, M. E.; Rodriguez, P.; Salinas, A. S.; Taiba, C.; Valdes, J. F.; Subiabre, J. N.; Ortega, C.; Palma, S.; Castillo, P. P.; Pinto, M.; Bidegain, F. R.; Venegas, M.; Yucra, E.; Li, Y.; Cruz, A.; Guelvez, B.; Plaza, R. V.; Hoyos, K. Y. T.; Cardoso-Landivar, J.; Van Den Boom, M.; Andrejak, C.; Blanc, F. -X.; Dourmane, S.; Froissart, A.; Izadifar, A.; Riviere, F.; Schlemmer, F.; Manika, K.; Diallo, B. D.; Hassane-Harouna, S.; Artiles, N.; Mejia, L. A.; Gupta, N.; Ish, P.; Mishra, G.; Patel, J. M.; Udwadia, Z. F.; Singla, R.; Alladio, F.; Calcagno, A.; Gaviraghi, A.; Angeli, F.; Centis, R.; Codecasa, L. R.; De Lauretis, A.; Esposito, S. M. R.; Formenti, B.; Giacomet, V.; Goletti, D.; Gualano, G.; Matteelli, A.; Migliori, G. B.; Motta, I.; Palmieri, F.; Pontali, E.; Prestileo, T.; Riccardi, N.; Saderi, L.; Saporiti, M.; Sotgiu, G.; Spanevello, A.; Stochino, C.; Tadolini, M.; Torre, A.; Villa, S.; Visca, D.; Kurhasani, X.; Furjani, M.; Rasheed, N.; Danila, E.; Diktanas, S.; Lopez Ridaura, R.; Lopez, F. L. L.; Torrico, M. M.; Rendon, A.; Akkerman, O. W.; Chizaram, O.; Al-Abri, S.; Alyaquobi, F.; Althohli, K.; Aguirre, S.; Teixeira, R. C.; De Egea, V.; Irala, S.; Medina, A.; Sequera, G.; Sosa, N.; Vazquez, F.; Llanos-Tejada, F. K.; Manga, S.; Villanueva-Villegas, R.; Araujo, D.; Duarte, R.; Marques, T. S.; Grecu, V. I.; Socaci, A.; Barkanova, O.; Bogorodskaya, M.; Borisov, S.; Mariandyshev, A.; Kaluzhenina, A.; Vukicevic, T. A.; Stosic, M.; Beh, D.; Ng, D.; Ong, C. W. M.; Solovic, I.; Dheda, K.; Gina, P.; Caminero, J. A.; De Souza Galvao, M. L.; Dominguez-Castellano, A.; Garcia-Garcia, J. -M.; Pinargote, I. M.; Fernandez, S. Q.; Sanchez-Montalva, A.; Huguet, E. T.; Murguiondo, M. Z.; Bart, P. -A.; Mazza-Stalder, J.; D Ambrosio, L.; Kamolwat, P.; Bakko, F.; Barnacle, J.; Bird, S.; Brown, A.; Chandran, S.; Killington, K.; Man, K.; Papineni, P.; Ritchie, F.; Tiberi, S.; Utjesanovic, N.; Zenner, D.; Hearn, J. L.; Heysell, S.; Young, L.. - In: EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL. - ISSN 0903-1936. - 62:5(2023). [10.1183/13993003.00925-2023]