Optimizing a courtyard microclimate with adaptable shading and evaporative cooling in a hot mediterranean climate

While in recent years significant improvements have been made in the thermal adaptation of indoor building environments, less progress has been made in improving thermal comfort in transitional spaces next to buildings. This makes it imperative to investigate the thermodynamics of such outdoor urban spaces, particularly in warm locations such as southern Spain. The application of suitable passive systems for the regulation of thermal exchanges and the creation of temperate conditions is explored. In order to determine the thermal comfort of users this study focuses on the assessment of two key parameters, mean radiant temperature and relative humidity, and how these are impacted by shading and misting systems in a courtyard. Field measurements analysed the extent to which shading and misting systems enhance user comfort levels in a Seville courtyard. The results indicate a considerable decrease in temperature, with thermal mitigation of up to 11.7 °C below reference points outside the courtyard. The percentage of hours within comfort ranges during heat waves increased by 100% by optimizing the results of an additional experimental campaign and considering results from previous ones. The main novelty of this research lies in the comparative study of standalone and integrated passive cooling strategies aiming to provide optimal results in high temperature and heat wave scenarios. The study findings help understand and estimate the effectiveness of low-cost and easily applicable strategies for maintaining comfort conditions during diurnal and nocturnal cycles in both hot seasons and heat waves.