Improvement of Symptoms in Patients Affected by Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Using L-Cysteine (Acetium®)

Background: Chronic Atrophic Gastritis (CAG) alone is a precancerous condition for gastric cancer. Achlorhydria plays an important role in the formation of a class I carcinogen, acetaldehyde. L-cysteine has been claimed to bind acetaldehyde covalently. Symptoms are present in 55% of CAG patients, of whom 70% have upper gastrointestinal (GI) complaints. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of L-cysteine in the modification of symptom patterns in CAG patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with histological diagnosis of CAG (OLGA ≥1 with gastric corpus involvement) were evaluated with serological determination of gastric function, clinical assessment of symptoms using the Visual Analogic Score (VAS) and the Global Score System (GSS), and considered for therapy with L-cysteine, 300 mg/daily. Data regarding symptoms were collected at enrollment and after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months, with an ultimate follow-up of 2 years. Results: A total of 330 patients with CAG were divided in group 1 (77 patients treated with L-cysteine) and group 2 (50 patients who received no specific treatment- control group). A statistically significant improvement both in the VAS score (7.8 at baseline vs 4.5 after 24 months; p<0.01) was observed in patients treated with L-cysteine, while no significant changes in symptom pattern/intensity were recorded in the two-year follow-up of untreated patients with CAG. Conclusions: Long-term treatment with L-cysteine provides symptom improvement in CAG patients and might be proposed as maintenance therapy in such patients.