Supply Chain Performance Metrics in the Lean, Agile, Resilient, Green Perspectives: a survey and model

This paper aims to identify adequate metrics to measure supply chain performance in its entirety, following the framework of the lean, agile, resilient, green (LARG) models. A list of 112 metrics referring to the LARG perspectives was derived from an analysis of relevant literature. On the basis of that list, a questionnaire survey was developed, for evaluating the usage of the various metrics in real contexts. Overall, 33 companies located in the Italian territory provided their feedback to the questionnaire, indicating the metrics used inside the company itself and the perceived importance of each metric. Besides the LARG metrics, the questionnaire was also used to analyze the context in which the various companies operate in the current state of the world, having been heavily impacted by both the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and by the Industry 4.0 innovations. The survey asked the selected companies to give opinions about 13 statements regarding the impact of Industry 4.0 and COVID-19 on their supply chain. The research found that 15 out of the 112 metrics are considered to be essential to measure the performance of the supply chain, as well as the correlation between company size and metrics used.