Historic timber roofs, a knowledge-based approach to strengthening: the case study of a Renaissance palace in Ferrara

Knowledge is essential to preserve timber roof structures for their his torical and architectural value, since it allows to fully understand their cultural significance and actual structural behavior, thus planning specific strengthening interventions. This paper presents the case study of Palaz zo Costabili in Ferrara, Italy, to propose a method to plan architectural strengthening intervention on historical timber roof structures based on a detailed knowledge of the structures’ features and state. The palace object of this study is characterized by historical timber structures, an expression of traditional local building techniques, which were partially damaged in the 2012 earthquake. Therefore, an in-depth and careful study of the struc ture was carried out to identify specific parts that needed to be reinforced. A strengthening of the roof structure was thus designed considering the performances of the timber components and their historical-cultural value. More specifically, the timber roof was first assessed to identify the main wood species, the constructive types, and their related vulnerabilities. At the same time, the parts that showed consistent signs of structural stress were later evaluated by specialists using visual and instrumental analysis. Finally, data collected were critically analyzed to better plan the strength ening intervention, considering both the stress state of the single compo nents and their specific weaknesses, in full compliance with preservation criteria and needs.