Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations

Bosson, J. K.; Jurek, P.; Vandello, J. A.; Kosakowska-Berezecka, N.; Olech, M.; Besta, T.; Bender, M.; Hoorens, V.; Becker, M.; Timur Sevincer, A.; Best, D. L.; Safdar, S.; Wlodarczyk, A.; Zawisza, M.; Zadkowska, M.; Abuhamdeh, S.; Badu Agyemang, C.; Akbas, G.; Albayrak-Aydemir, N.; Ammirati, S.; Anderson, J.; Anjum, G.; Ariyanto, A.; Jamir Benzon, R. Aruta J.; Ashraf, M.; Bakaityte, A.; Bertolli, C.; Berxulli, D.; Bi, C.; Block, K.; Boehnke, M.; Bongiorno, R.; Bosak, J.; Casini, A.; Chen, Q.; Chi, P.; Cubela Adoric, V.; Daalmans, S.; Dandy, J.; Lemus, S. D.; Dhakal, S.; Dvorianchikov, N.; Egami, S.; Etchezahar, E.; Sofia Esteves, C.; Felix, N.; Froehlich, L.; Garcia-Sanchez, E.; Gavreliuc, A.; Gavreliuc, D.; Gomez, A.; Guizzo, F.; Graf, S.; Greijdanus, H.; Grigoryan, A.; Grzymala-Moszczynska, J.; Guerch, K.; Gustafsson Senden, M.; Hale, M. -L.; Hamer, H.; Hirai, M.; Hoang Duc, L.; Hrebickova, M.; Hutchings, P. B.; Hoj Jensen, D.; Jasinskaja-Lahti, I.; Karabati, S.; Kelmendi, K.; Kengyel, G.; Khachatryan, N.; Ghazzawi, R.; Kinahan, M.; Kirby, T. A.; Kovacs, M.; Kozlowski, D.; Krivoshchekov, V.; Kulich, C.; Kurosawa, T.; Thi Lac An, N.; Labarthe, J.; Latu, I.; Anne Lauri, M.; Mankowski, E.; Musbau Lawal, A.; Li, J.; Lindner, J.; Lindqvist, A.; Maitner, A. T.; Makarova, E.; Makashvili, A.; Malayeri, S.; Malik, S.; Mancini, T.; Manzi, C.; Mari, S.; Martiny, S. E.; Mayer, C. -H.; Mihic, V.; Milosevic Dordevic, J.; Moreno-Bella, E.; Moscatelli, S.; Bryan Moynihan, A.; Muller, D.; Narhetali, E.; Neto, F.; Noels, K. A.; Nyul, B.; O'Connor, E. C.; Ochoa, D. P.; Ohno, S.; Olanrewaju Adebayo, S.; Osborne, R.; Giuseppina Pacilli, M.; Palacio, J.; Patnaik, S.; Pavlopoulos, V.; Perez De Leon, P.; Piterova, I.; Barreiros Porto, J.; Puzio, A.; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, J.; Renteria Perez, E.; Renstrom, E.; Rousseaux, T.; Ryan, M. K.; Sainz, M.; Salvati, M.; Samekin, A.; Schindler, S.; Seydi, M.; Shepherd, D.; Sherbaji, S.; Schmader, T.; Simao, C.; Sobhie, R.; Souza, L. D.; Sarter, E.; Sulejmanovic, D.; Sullivan, K. E.; Tatsumi, M.; Tavitian-Elmadjian, L.; Jain Thakur, S.; Thi Mong Chi, Q.; Torre, B.; Torres, A.; Torres, C. V.; Turkoglu, B.; Ungaretti, J.; Valshtein, T.; Van Laar, C.; Van Der Noll, J.; Vasiutynskyi, V.; Vauclair, C. -M.; Venalainen, S.; Vohra, N.; Walentynowicz, M.; Ward, C.; Yang, Y.; Yzerbyt, V.; Zanello, V.; Ludmila Zapata-Calvente, A.; Zukauskiene, R.

doi:10.1177/0022022121997997

Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

Psychometric Properties and Correlates of Precarious Manhood Beliefs in 62 Nations / Bosson, J.K., Jurek, P., Vandello, J.A., Kosakowska-Berezecka, N., Olech, M., Besta, T., Bender, M., Hoorens, V., Becker, M., Timur Sevincer, A., Best, D.L., Safdar, S., Wlodarczyk, A., Zawisza, M., Zadkowska, M., Abuhamdeh, S., Badu Agyemang, C., Akbas, G., Albayrak-Aydemir, N., Ammirati, S., et al.. - In: JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY. - ISSN 0022-0221. - (2021), p. 002202212199799. [10.1177/0022022121997997]