High-resolution shock-capturing numerical simulations of three-phase immiscible fluids from the unsaturated to the saturated zone

Numerical modeling of immiscible contaminant fluid flow in unsaturated and saturated porous aquifers is of great importance in many scientific fields to properly manage groundwater resources. We present a high-resolution numerical model that simulates three-phase immiscible fluid flow in both unsaturated and saturated zone in a porous aquifer. We use coupled conserved mass equations for each phase and study the dynamics of a multiphase fluid flow as a function of saturation, capillary pressure, permeability, and porosity of the different phases, initial and boundary conditions. To deal with the sharp front originated from the partial differential equations’ nonlinearity and accurately propagate the sharp front of the fluid component, we use a high-resolution shock-capturing method to treat discontinuities due to capillary pressure and permeabilities that depend on the saturation of the three different phases. The main approach to the problem’s numerical solution is based on (full) explicit evolution of the discretized (in-space) variables. Since explicit methods require the time step to be sufficiently small, this condition is very restrictive, particularly for long-time integrations. With the increased computational speed and capacity of today’s multicore computer, it is possible to simulate in detail contaminants’ fate flow using high-performance computing.