The Constitutional Court, in judgment no. 246/2019, defined the roles - till now not well delineated - of the complex organization that, unfortunately several times in recent decades, has been activated to deal with the emergency and the reconstruction in different regions of Italy affected by earthquakes. The Court retraced the model of loyal collaboration that guides relations between State and Regions in the management of calamitous events in order to guarantee the irriducible sphere of regional autonomy in the definition of organizational and decision-making structures in charge of the reconstruction of earthquake zones. Consequently, the Court excluded the constitutional compatibility of state decisions issued on the basis of a simple consultation of Regions and established the Government obligation to reach a prior agreement with them, in order to plan and implement actions to rebuilds households, urban infrastructures and local production systems. The verdict therefore confirms that the principle of loyal collaboration also constitutes a constitutional limit for state regulation, approved to deal with national calamities and emergencies, which have an impact on regional competences. Moreover, the ruling no. 246/2019 seems to have introduced a new factor that makes the division of legislative competences defined by art. 117 of the Constitution even more flexible, as it stated that the category of 'transversal competences' can also be extended to matters included in the concurrent legislative power. A statement that could make the exact determination of the fields and the limits of regional autonomy even more difficult. Finally, another remarkable aspect of the judgment regards the choice of the Court to postpone the moment from which the declaration of unconstitutionality will take effect. This is a technique already used by the Court when it had to safeguard a principle of “institutional continuity”: of the State, or of the constitutional rights guaranteed by it.
Con la sentenza n. 246 del 2019 la Corte costituzionale è stata chiamata a definire confini e ruoli – fino ad ora incerti – della complessa ‘macchina’ organizzativa che, ahimè più volte negli ultimi decenni, si è messa in moto per fronteggiare l’emergenza e la ricostruzione in diverse zone d’Italia colpite da fenomeni sismici. La Corte ha ripreso il modello cooperativo che guida i rapporti fra Stato e Regioni anche nella gestione di eventi calamitosi, al fine di delineare la sfera incomprimibile dell’autonomia regionale nella definizione di assetti organizzativi e decisionali preposti alla ricostruzione di zone terremotate. Di conseguenza, ha escluso la compatibilità costituzionale di decisioni statali elaborate in forza di una semplice consultazione delle Regioni interessate e ha invece sancito l’obbligo dello Stato di ricercare e raggiungere con le stesse una preventiva intesa, al fine di pianificare e realizzare gli interventi e le opere necessari a ripristinare assetti abitativi, infrastrutture e sistemi produttivi. La decisione in commento conferma, quindi, che la leale collaborazione integra un limite costituzionale anche per le previsioni statali, approvate per fronteggiare calamità ed emergenze di portata nazionale, che abbiano un impatto su competenze regionali. La sentenza n. 246/2019 sembra, inoltre, aver introdotto un nuovo fattore di flessibilizzazione del riparto di competenze individuato dall’art. 117 Cost., aprendo alla possibilità di estendere la categoria delle c.d. ‘competenze trasversali’ anche a materie comprese nella potestà legislativa concorrente fra Stato e Regioni. Questo nuovo orientamento interpretativo potrebbe rendere ancora più ardua la precisa determinazione degli ambiti riservati all’autonomia regionale e dei limiti ai quali essa è sottoposta. Infine, ulteriore profilo degno di nota riguarda la scelta della Corte di posticipare il momento da cui far valere l’accertata incostituzionalità della disciplina impugnata. Una tecnica più volte sperimentata dalla Corte quando ha operato nell’ottica di salvaguardare un principio di continuità istituzionale: dello Stato, o dei diritti costituzionali dallo stesso garantiti.
Chi governa la ricostruzione post sisma? La Corte costituzionale ripristina l’intesa (e la leale collaborazione) tra Stato e Regioni / Torretta, Paola. - In: FEDERALISMI.IT. - ISSN 1826-3534. - 24(2020), pp. 1-21.
Chi governa la ricostruzione post sisma? La Corte costituzionale ripristina l’intesa (e la leale collaborazione) tra Stato e Regioni
Paola Torretta
2020-01-01
Abstract
The Constitutional Court, in judgment no. 246/2019, defined the roles - till now not well delineated - of the complex organization that, unfortunately several times in recent decades, has been activated to deal with the emergency and the reconstruction in different regions of Italy affected by earthquakes. The Court retraced the model of loyal collaboration that guides relations between State and Regions in the management of calamitous events in order to guarantee the irriducible sphere of regional autonomy in the definition of organizational and decision-making structures in charge of the reconstruction of earthquake zones. Consequently, the Court excluded the constitutional compatibility of state decisions issued on the basis of a simple consultation of Regions and established the Government obligation to reach a prior agreement with them, in order to plan and implement actions to rebuilds households, urban infrastructures and local production systems. The verdict therefore confirms that the principle of loyal collaboration also constitutes a constitutional limit for state regulation, approved to deal with national calamities and emergencies, which have an impact on regional competences. Moreover, the ruling no. 246/2019 seems to have introduced a new factor that makes the division of legislative competences defined by art. 117 of the Constitution even more flexible, as it stated that the category of 'transversal competences' can also be extended to matters included in the concurrent legislative power. A statement that could make the exact determination of the fields and the limits of regional autonomy even more difficult. Finally, another remarkable aspect of the judgment regards the choice of the Court to postpone the moment from which the declaration of unconstitutionality will take effect. This is a technique already used by the Court when it had to safeguard a principle of “institutional continuity”: of the State, or of the constitutional rights guaranteed by it.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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