Stolen air. Some notes on censorship and literature in Stalinist Russias The article aims to reconstruct the survival of literature in the conditions of Stalin’s censorial totalitarianism in Russia. Revolution may be considered as a constant tension between two driving forces: the one that exercises power in an authoritarian way, and the one of the masses driven towards a new enthusiasm of activity and hope. However, while the moment of totalitarian oppression is absolutized and that of utopian hope is minimized, the dramatic dialectics of post-revolutionary Russian culture are impossible to understand. Moreover, there is not always a clear demarcation between coercion and consensus in which writers found themselves acting, in particular between the 1930s and the 1950s. Therefore, it is difficult to encapsulate the multiform responses of each individual in the dualistic paradigm of State versus civil society or acceptance versus resistance. Although censorship was pervasive and articulated on several levels, the writer who acted within it, while being its first actor and participant, sought a way out in a precisely codified Aesopian language, thanks to a subtle game of screens and decoding marks. Writers often succeeded in doing so and found their readers, but this was often possible only at the cost of freedom or life. Depending on the period, this dissimulated language could be considered either an act of resistance and heroism or a surrendering compromise in the face of the official lie.
Aria rubata. Qualche nota su censura e letteratura nella Russia staliniana ANNO 60 2019 N. 4, OTTOBRE-DICEMBRE Maria Candida Ghidini, pp. 919-938 TEORIE E PRATICHE DELLA CENSURA IN ETÀ MODERNA E CONTEMPORANEA L’articolo mira a ricostruire le modalità di sopravvivenza della letteratura (e degli scrittori) nelle condizioni del totalitarismo censorio della Russia staliniana. Essendo la rivoluzione concepibile come una costante tensione tra due forze motrici (quella che esercita il potere in modo autoritario e quella delle masse spinte verso un nuovo fervore di attività e speranza), se si assolutizza il momento dell’oppressione totalitaria e si minimizza quello della speranza utopica, si perde ogni possibilità di intendere tutta la drammatica dialettica della cultura russa postrivoluzionaria. A ciò si aggiunge il non sempre chiaro confine tra coercizione e consenso in cui si trovavano ad agire gli scrittori, in particolare tra gli anni Trenta e Cinquanta, tanto che risulta difficile incasellare le multiformi risposte di ogni individuo nel paradigma dualistico di Stato-società civile o accettazione-resistenza. Benché la censura fosse pervasiva ed articolata in piú livelli, lo scrittore che vi operava all’interno, pur essendone il primo attore e partecipe, cercava, spesso riuscendoci e spesso a costo della vita, una via d’uscita in un linguaggio esopico precisamente codificato, grazie a un gioco sottile di schermi e marche decodificatrici. A seconda dei periodi, questo linguaggio dissimulato può essere considerato o un atto di resistenza e di eroismo o un arrendevole compromesso di fronte alla menzogna ufficiale.
Aria rubata. Qualche nota su censura e letteratura nella Russia staliniana / Ghidini, Maria Candida. - In: STUDI STORICI. - ISSN 0039-3037. - IV:(2019), pp. 919-938.
Aria rubata. Qualche nota su censura e letteratura nella Russia staliniana
Maria Candida Ghidini
2019-01-01
Abstract
Stolen air. Some notes on censorship and literature in Stalinist Russias The article aims to reconstruct the survival of literature in the conditions of Stalin’s censorial totalitarianism in Russia. Revolution may be considered as a constant tension between two driving forces: the one that exercises power in an authoritarian way, and the one of the masses driven towards a new enthusiasm of activity and hope. However, while the moment of totalitarian oppression is absolutized and that of utopian hope is minimized, the dramatic dialectics of post-revolutionary Russian culture are impossible to understand. Moreover, there is not always a clear demarcation between coercion and consensus in which writers found themselves acting, in particular between the 1930s and the 1950s. Therefore, it is difficult to encapsulate the multiform responses of each individual in the dualistic paradigm of State versus civil society or acceptance versus resistance. Although censorship was pervasive and articulated on several levels, the writer who acted within it, while being its first actor and participant, sought a way out in a precisely codified Aesopian language, thanks to a subtle game of screens and decoding marks. Writers often succeeded in doing so and found their readers, but this was often possible only at the cost of freedom or life. Depending on the period, this dissimulated language could be considered either an act of resistance and heroism or a surrendering compromise in the face of the official lie.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.