La ricostruzione grafica di architetture storiche: le facciate degli oratori confraternali di Parma

The paper proposes a reflection on whether to enrich with information about the followed procedures the 2D and 3D graphics products arising from the reconstruction of historical architecture, by defining the margins of reliability and necessary metric interpretation of the models. The application concerns the study of the facades of the confraternal oratories of Parma, who concurred to characterize the historical image of the city and were demolished or partially modified at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. The research is part of the most recent studies in the area of drawing dedicated to the reconstruction of buildings or pieces of city using innovative technologies (BIM, GIS and AR) and creating 3D models with informative purposes (see the studies of P. Tunzi for Pescara, A. Giordano for Carpi, GL Tacchi for the Forum of Augustus in Rome). The facades of the oratories have been drawn following a workflow that involved the definition of four methods that combine the analysis of historical and iconographic documents, the photogrammetry from old photos, the direct and non-contact survey. The images, in their various forms, are taken as a source of information in order to define verifiable and retraceable reconstructions. The work led to the drafting of an abacus of the facades and the production of queryable 3D models associated with data about the historical sources and the procedure adopted, which in the future will be included in an urban BIM under study. So well-defined products are not just cultural expressions of the image of no longer existing architectures, but they are real documents to be added to the store of knowledge of these buildings and of the city.