In this essay I provide a critical examination of the relationship between ‘integration and transnationalism’ – an important nexus in migration studies – based upon the result of a multi-located and gender focused study I conducted among Cape Verdeans in Italy and Cape Verde from December 2001 to July 2004. A set of questions arise from this analysis: to what extent is integration an obstacle to the maintenance of transnational ties? And to what extent can ties with the place of origin and other diaspora communities in the world facilitate the integration of migrants in the host-place? In the public perception, the more a migrant is invisible and less attached to his culture and place of origin, the more integrated he will be in the place of immigration. In this particular historical moment, in which European policy is increasingly focused on annulling differences and on implementing an idea of integration based on the notions of assimilation and social cohesion, the issue of the relationship between transnationalism and integration is particularly controversial and relevant. The aim of my essay is to problematise such relation, which in the ethnographic evidence has shown to be very complex and influenced by many factors closely intersected with each other such as class, gender, 'ethnicity', age, and contexts. Focusing in particular on Cape Verdean migrant women, I analysed the peculiarities of gender in transnational/integration relation. Indeed, I highlight how the independent female migration from the island of Santo Antao is strongly transnational, and has led to a renegotiation of gender relations and a change in the pre-existing social and family structures of the island, creating new female role models and matrifocal transnational families. The migration of Cape Verdean women in Italy is a leading example of ‘multi- situ’ integration, which optimizes the dual membership so much so, that in some cases, it is possible – almost paradoxically – to talk about ‘transnational integration’, which goes beyond the multi-situ integration, thus completely renegotiating the terms of the integration/trans-national relation.
Partendo dai risultati di una ricerca multi-situata, caratterizzata da un’ottica di genere, che ho condotto tra i capoverdiani ‘qui’ e nel ‘luogo d’origine’ dal dicembre del 2001 al luglio 2004, in questo saggio vorrei suggerire degli spunti critici di approfondimento della relazione tra ‘integrazione' e ‘transnazionalismo’, relazione di cui e` importante tenere conto negli studi sulle migrazioni. L’integrazione puo` rappresentare un ostacolo al mantenimento dei legami transnazionali o piuttosto puo` facilitarli? O viceversa i legami con il luogo d’origine e le diverse comunita` diasporiche nel mondo possono facilitare, o non piuttosto ostacolare, l’integrazione del migrante nel luogo d’approdo? Nell’opinione pubblica l’idea e` quella che un migrante, quanto piu` e` invisibile e meno contatti con la propria cultura e il luogo d’origine mantiene, tanto piu` e` integrato nel luogo d’immigrazione. In particolare in questo momento storico, in cui la politica europea e` sempre piu` basata sull’annullamento delle differenze e sull’idea di integrazione intesa come assimilazione e coesione sociale, la tematica della relazione tra transnazionalismo e integrazione e` particolarmente scottante e attuale. L’intento del saggio e` quello di problematizzare tale relazione, che si e` mostrata nell’evidenza etnografica molto complessa e influenzata da diversi fattori che si intersecano strettamente tra loro quali la classe, il genere, l’etnia, l’eta` , i contesti. In particolare focalizzandomi sulle donne migranti capoverdiane ho analizzato le peculiarita` di genere nella relazione transnazionalismo/integrazione. L’emigrazione femminile indipendente dall’isola di Santo Anta&o e`caratterizzata fortemente dalla transnazionalita` e ha portato a una rinegoziazione delle relazioni di genere pre-esistenti e a un cambiamento della struttura sociale e famigliare dell’isola, dando vita a nuovi modelli femminili e a famiglie matrifocali transnazionali. L’emigrazione delle donne capoverdiane in Italia e` un esempio emblematico di integrazione ‘multi-situata’, in cui viene ottimizzata la duplice appartenenza a tal punto da poter parlare in alcuni casi quasi paradossalmente di ‘integrazione transnazionale’, che va oltre l’integrazione multi situata, rinegoziando cosı` completamente i termini della relazione integrazione/transnazionalita'
Femminile diasporico tra transnazionalismo e integrazione:il caso delle donne capoverdiane / Giuffre', Martina. - In: LARES. - ISSN 0023-8503. - 3:(2009), pp. 505-532.
Femminile diasporico tra transnazionalismo e integrazione:il caso delle donne capoverdiane
GIUFFRE', Martina
2009-01-01
Abstract
In this essay I provide a critical examination of the relationship between ‘integration and transnationalism’ – an important nexus in migration studies – based upon the result of a multi-located and gender focused study I conducted among Cape Verdeans in Italy and Cape Verde from December 2001 to July 2004. A set of questions arise from this analysis: to what extent is integration an obstacle to the maintenance of transnational ties? And to what extent can ties with the place of origin and other diaspora communities in the world facilitate the integration of migrants in the host-place? In the public perception, the more a migrant is invisible and less attached to his culture and place of origin, the more integrated he will be in the place of immigration. In this particular historical moment, in which European policy is increasingly focused on annulling differences and on implementing an idea of integration based on the notions of assimilation and social cohesion, the issue of the relationship between transnationalism and integration is particularly controversial and relevant. The aim of my essay is to problematise such relation, which in the ethnographic evidence has shown to be very complex and influenced by many factors closely intersected with each other such as class, gender, 'ethnicity', age, and contexts. Focusing in particular on Cape Verdean migrant women, I analysed the peculiarities of gender in transnational/integration relation. Indeed, I highlight how the independent female migration from the island of Santo Antao is strongly transnational, and has led to a renegotiation of gender relations and a change in the pre-existing social and family structures of the island, creating new female role models and matrifocal transnational families. The migration of Cape Verdean women in Italy is a leading example of ‘multi- situ’ integration, which optimizes the dual membership so much so, that in some cases, it is possible – almost paradoxically – to talk about ‘transnational integration’, which goes beyond the multi-situ integration, thus completely renegotiating the terms of the integration/trans-national relation.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.