Kinetic study of conventional solid-state synthesis of BaTiO3 by in situ HT-XRD

The reaction path for the solid state synthesis of barium titanate, from barium carbonate and anatase, was first identified. In this work, plots of f(alpha) versus time, where alpha is the reacted fraction, were used to distinguish the reaction mechanisms of BaTiO3 formation by using an KT-XRD (high temperature x-ray diffraction) technique. On the basis of kinetic analysis, an overall process with two distinct regimes was proposed: for the first regime nucleation and growth are the dominant processes, while diffusion controls the second one. The reaction rates of both the processes were also determined.