Therapeutic perspectives of Eph–ephrin system modulation

Eph receptors are the largest class of kinase receptors and, together with their ligands ephrins, they have a primary role in embryogenesis. Their expression has been found deregulated in several cancer tissues and, in many cases, abnormal levels of these proteins have been correlated to a poor prognosis. Recently, the Eph–ephrin system was found to be deregulated in other pathological processes, involving the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The increasing body of evidence supports the Eph–ephrin system as a target not only for the treatment of solid tumors, but also to face other critical diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and diabetes driving current efforts toward the development of pharmacological tools potentially able to treat these pathologies.