Binding of chemicals to melanins re-examined: Adsorption ofsome drugs to the surface of melanin particles

This work presents a first attempt to study the interaction of some drugs with melanins, realistically considered as solid aggregates of primary particles. This situation appears similar to the adsorption of organic molecules onto the surface of colloidal absorbers, as active carbon, zeolites or titanium dioxide. We have applied some of the most popular theoretical models used in technological applications with the aim to give a more realistic picture of the melanin–drug interaction responsible for some observed side effects in vivo. Moreover, this approach can simplify the problem of the search of the physical parameters dominating the binding processes, by reducing the phenomenon to a simple physisorption/chemisorption, at least in a first approximation. We have studied the binding to melanin of gentamicin, methotrexate and chlorpromazine, molecules with different physico-chemical and structural characteristics. Our study demonstrates the possibility to fit experimental adsorption data with Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations. In such a way we obtain binding parameters useful to characterize the drug–surface interaction in terms of energy and of mean affinity. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Melanin; Drugs; Adsorption isotherms; Sorption kinetics; Surface interaction; Chemisorption