Synthesis and QSAR of quinazoline sulfonamides as highly potent human histamine H4 receptor inverse agonists

Hit optimization of the class of quinazoline containing histamine H(4) receptor (H(4)R) ligands resulted in a sulfonamide substituted analogue with high affinity for the H(4)R. This moiety leads to improved physicochemical properties and is believed to probe a distinct H(4)R binding pocket that was previously identified using pharmacophore modeling. By introducing a variety of sulfonamide substituents, the H(4)R affinity was optimized. The interaction of the new ligands, in combination with a set of previously published quinazoline compounds, was described by a QSAR equation. Pharmacological studies revealed that the sulfonamide analogues have excellent H(4)R affinity and behave as inverse agonists at the human H(4)R. In vivo evaluation of the potent 2-(6-chloro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazoline-4-amino)-N-phenylethanesulfonamide (54) (pK(i) = 8.31 +/- 0.10) revealed it to have anti-inflammatory activity in an animal model of acute inflammation.