Voluntary HIV testing in Europe

Aims: A study was undertaken to examine patterns of voluntary HIV testing among heterosexuals across Europe. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys on sexual behaviour and HIV were performed including probability samples of the general population ages 18-49 years in Greece (n=2,000), Italy (n=2,603), Switzerland (n=2,777), and Norway (n=3,704). Results: Prevalence of lifetime voluntary HIV testing among heterosexuals is 10.1%, 15.5%, 17.4%, and 40.9% in Greece, Italy, Norway, and Switzerland, respectively. Between 49.0% and 89.3% of individuals reporting risk behaviours never sought voluntary testing. Multivariate analysis shows that in some countries the likelihood of HIV testing is significantly higher for individuals aged 24-29 and 30-39 years, compared with younger respondents with the same risky behaviour. Among Swiss men and women higher educational level also significantly increases the probability of testing. Conclusions: The prevalence of voluntary HIV testing among heterosexuals with histories of risk is low. The needs of specific groups should be considered to improve HIV prevention and access to care.