2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits superoxide anion generation while enhances superoxide dismutase activity in swine granulosa cells.

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is an estradiol metabolite with antiangiogenic properties. It can be produced by granulosa cells and it is present in normal follicle at high concentrations. The identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) role in the molecular pharmacology of 2-ME is an active area of research. The objective of this article was therefore to evaluate the effect of 2-ME on both superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in swine granulosa cells collected from follicles greater than 5 mm and treated for 48 h with 1 muM 2-ME. 2-ME inhibited (P < 0.001) O(2)(-) generation in swine granulosa cells, while it stimulated (P < 0.05) the SOD activity. We previously demonstrated that a stimulation of O(2)(-) generation triggers angiogenetic response in granulosa cells. Therefore, we argue that the inhibitory effect of 2-ME on O(2)(-) could be responsible for its antiangiogenetic effect.