Genetic-algorithm-based interactive segmentation of 3D medical images

This article describes a method for evolving adaptive procedures for the contour-based segmentation of anatomical structures in 3D medical data sets. With this method, the user first manually traces one or more 2D contours of an anatomical structure of interest on parallel planes arbitrarily cutting the data set. Such contours are then used as training tramples for a genetic algorithm to evolve a contour detector. By applying the detector to the rest of the image sequence it is possible to obtain a full segmentation of the structure. The same detector can then be used to segment other image sequences of the same sort. Segmentation is driven by a contour-tracking strategy that relies on an elastic-contour model whose parameters are also optimized by the genetic algorithm. We report results obtained on a software-generated phantom and on real tomographic images of different sorts.