Analysis of gut microbiome and diet in African population transitioning to western lifestyle

Urbanization probably represents the global change with the highest impact on human lifestyles. The rural-to-urban transition produced drastic changes in social, food and human health care dynamics. These changes also reflect a remodelling of the intestinal microbial communities, with a loss of bacterial richness and diversity and the related encoded functions. The bacterial fraction of the transitional microbiomes was investigated, but the shaping of intestinal fungal communities following this human transition are almost unexplored. Here, are shown changes of gut mycobiota composition and lifestyle of families from Burkina Faso living in areas at different levels of urbanization (rural, semi-urbanized and urban areas), thus following a Western-related gradient. These changes were compared with that of Italian families, as representative of Western world