EEG Interictal Spikes, Ictal Patterns, and Accepted Terminology

In addition to detecting interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, which are primarily relevant in outpatient examinations, the electro-clinical recording of epileptic seizures—typically performed in hospital settings—is critically important. This documentation is essential not only for confirming the diagnosis of the clinical event but also for exploring potential surgical options in epilepsy treatment. Understanding the key ictal EEG patterns, described in this chapter, is crucial, as they provide vital information about the onset and spread of ictal electrical discharges, which are key elements in the clinical context. Furthermore, it is essential to describe both interictal and ictal EEG abnormalities using terminology standardized in the scientific literature and recognized by the international community. This ensures a common language for effective communication, facilitating the sharing of information to improve patient management and contribute to the professional development of physicians.