Thirthy difficult years: 1859-1866

In this chapter I will consider the events regarding the University of Parma between 1859 (the transition from dukedom to reign) and the 1886 (at the dawn of the “equalization”, the event that will transform the University of Parma into a high level University). The paragraphs will be divided as follows: The petite capitale in the new unified State; Disturbing signals for the University; Some illustrious professors; The University Consortium in Parma (1877-1925); Students, professors and politics; The revolts of 1885 and the military occupation of the University.